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The literature indicates the following challenges for electronic tutoring in South Africa: a lack of devices, high data costs, network connectivity issues, inadequate digital skills and competencies. The use of data-intensive synchronous tutoring options, such as Zoom, can be exclusionary in South Africa where there is limited access to the internet in homes. The implementation of the Moya Messenger application will aid students' learning more if the sending of attachments also did not require data. Recommendations for implementing this application in other large classes are to provide a training guide to students. However, at the time of implementation, the application was not yet available to students who used Apple devices. Students agreed or strongly agreed (70,2%) that the course allowed them to fully participate. Tutors indicated that the use of voice notes assisted students in understanding course concepts. Most students (79,47%) indicated that the tutor was available and helpful. The positive outcomes were due to students having access to tutors, even without data. The findings for implementing this alternative to the popular WhatsApp option showed positive outcomes. Students' feedback from the course evaluation was analysed using descriptive statistics. Tutors' feedback was analysed using thematic content analysis. The research used the framework for the extraction of lessons learned as a theoretical model. The Moya Messenger application allowed students to engage with peers and tutors, data-free. It allowed the lecturer to set up groups for students and tutors to facilitate online tutoring. Using ethnographic research, the Moya Messenger application was piloted in a large accounting class of 495 undergraduate students and 15 tutors during the Covid-19 pandemic. The South African mobile instant messenger, the Moya Messenger application, is data-free. Student inclusion can be aided using applications that do not use data (data-free). The literature indicates a prevalent digital divide due to the exclusion of students based on their socioeconomic status and their ability to access the internet. There is an increased need for more accessible technological options for students, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Moya app download free download whatsapp